{"id":5342,"date":"2024-05-06T17:14:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T00:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/?p=5342"},"modified":"2024-05-06T17:20:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T00:20:53","slug":"understanding-the-deployment-of-public-recursive-resolvers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/2024\/05\/06\/understanding-the-deployment-of-public-recursive-resolvers\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding the deployment of public recursive resolvers"},"content":{"rendered":"

This is the third in a series of essays (two earlier blog posts [1<\/a>, 2<\/a>]) about CAIDA’s new effort to reduce the barrier to performing a variety of Internet measurements.<\/em><\/p>\n

We were recently asked about running Trufflehunter<\/a>, which infers the usage properties of rare domain names on the Internet by cache snooping public recursive resolvers, on Ark<\/a>. The basic idea of Trufflehunter is to provide a lower bound of the use of a domain name by sampling caches of large recursive resolvers.\u00a0 One component of Trufflehunter is to identify the anycast instances that would answer a given vantage point’s DNS queries.\u00a0\u00a0 Trufflehunter uses a series of TXT queries to obtain the anycast instance of a given public recursive resolver, and considers four large public recursive resolvers: Cloudflare (1.1.1.1), Google (8.8.8.8), Quad9 (9.9.9.9), and OpenDNS (208.67.220.220).\u00a0 The original paper describes the queries in section 4.1, which we summarize below, highlighting the interesting parts of each response with blue color.<\/p>\n

Cloudflare returns an airport code representing the anycast deployment location used by the VP:
\n$ host -c ch -t txt id.server 1.1.1.1
\nid.server descriptive text \"AKL<\/span>\"<\/code><\/p>\n

Google returns an IP address representing the anycast deployment used by the VP, which can be mapped to an anycast deployment location with a second query:
\n$ host -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com 8.8.8.8
\no-o.myaddr.l.google.com descriptive text \"172.253.218.133<\/span>\"
\no-o.myaddr.l.google.com descriptive text \"edns0-client-subnet <redacted>\/24\"<\/code>
\n$ host -t txt locations.publicdns.goog
\nlocations.publicdns.goog descriptive text \"34.64.0.0\/24 icn \" ... \"172.253.218.128\/26 syd<\/span> \" \"172.253.218.192\/26 cbf \" ...<\/code><\/p>\n

Quad9 returns the hostname representing the resolver that provides the answer:
\n$ host -c ch -t txt id.server 9.9.9.9
\nid.server descriptive text \"res100.akl<\/span>.rrdns.pch.net\"<\/code><\/p>\n

and finally, OpenDNS returns a bunch of information in a debugging query, which includes the server that handles the query:
\n$ host -t txt debug.opendns.com 208.67.220.220
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"server r2004.syd<\/span>\"
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"flags 20040020 0 70 400180000000000000000007950800000000000000\"
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"originid 0\"
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"orgflags 2000000\"
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"actype 0\"
\ndebug.opendns.com descriptive text \"source <redacted>:42845\"<\/code><\/p>\n

Each of these queries requires a slightly different approach to extract the location of the anycast instance.\u00a0 Our suggestion is for experimenters to use our newly created python library<\/a>, which provides programmatic access to measurement capabilities of Ark VPs (described in two earlier blog posts [1<\/a>, 2<\/a>]).\u00a0 The code for querying the recursive resolvers from all VPs is straight forward, and is shown below.\u00a0 First, on lines 15-27, we get the Google mapping, so that we can translate the address returned to an anycast location.\u00a0 This query requires TCP to complete, as the entry is larger than can fit in a UDP payload (the response is 9332 bytes at the time of writing this blog).\u00a0 This query is synchronous (we wait for the answer before continuing, because the google queries that follow depend on the mapping) and is issued using a randomly selected Ark VP.\u00a0 Then, on lines 29-38, we issue the four queries to each of the anycasted recursive resolvers from each VP.\u00a0 These queries are asynchronous; we receive the answers as each Ark VP obtains a response.\u00a0 On lines 40-82, we process the responses, storing the results in a multi-dimensional python dictionary, which associates each Ark VPs with their anycast recursive resolver location, as well as the RTT between asking the query and obtaining the response.\u00a0 Finally, on lines 84-96, we dump the results out in a nicely formatted table that allows us to spot interesting patterns.<\/p>\n

01 import<\/span> argparse
\n02 import<\/span> datetime
\n03 import<\/span> ipaddress
\n04 import<\/span> random
\n05 import<\/span> re
\n06 from<\/span> scamper import<\/span> ScamperCtrl
\n07
\n08 def<\/span> _main():
\n09\u00a0\u00a0 parser<\/span> = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='get public recursive locs'<\/span>)
\n10\u00a0\u00a0 parser.add_argument('sockets'<\/span>)
\n11\u00a0\u00a0 args<\/span> = parser.parse_args()
\n12
\n13\u00a0\u00a0 ctrl = ScamperCtrl(remote_dir=args.sockets)
\n14
\n15\u00a0\u00a0 # pick an ark VP at random to issue the query that gets the mapping<\/span>
\n16\u00a0\u00a0 # of google recursive IP to location<\/span>
\n17\u00a0\u00a0 goog_nets<\/span> = {}
\n18\u00a0\u00a0 obj<\/span> = ctrl.do_dns('locations.publicdns.goog'<\/span>,
\n19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 inst=random.choice(ctrl.instances()),
\n20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 qtype='txt'<\/span>, tcp=True, sync=True)
\n21\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> obj is<\/span> None or<\/span> len(obj.ans_txts()) == 0:
\n22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 print<\/span>(\"could not get google mapping\"<\/span>)
\n23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 return<\/span>
\n24\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> rr in<\/span> obj.ans_txts():
\n25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> txt in<\/span> rr.txt:
\n26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 net<\/span>, loc<\/span> = txt.split()
\n27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 goog_nets<\/span>[ipaddress.ip_network(net)] = loc
\n28
\n29\u00a0\u00a0 # issue the magic queries to get the instance that answers the query<\/span>
\n30\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> inst in<\/span> ctrl.instances():
\n31\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ctrl.do_dns('o-o.myaddr.l.google.com'<\/span>, server='8.8.8.8'<\/span>, qtype='txt'<\/span>,
\n32\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attempts=2, wait_timeout=2, inst=inst)
\n33\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ctrl.do_dns('id.server'<\/span>, server='1.1.1.1'<\/span>, qclass='ch'<\/span>, qtype='txt'<\/span>,
\n34\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attempts=2, wait_timeout=2, inst=inst)
\n35\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ctrl.do_dns('id.server'<\/span>, server='9.9.9.9'<\/span>, qclass='ch'<\/span>, qtype='txt'<\/span>,
\n36\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attempts=2, wait_timeout=2, inst=inst)
\n37\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ctrl.do_dns('debug.opendns.com'<\/span>, server='208.67.220.220'<\/span>, qtype='txt'<\/span>,
\n38\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attempts=2, wait_timeout=2, inst=inst)
\n39
\n40\u00a0\u00a0 # collect the data<\/span>
\n41\u00a0\u00a0 data<\/span> = {}
\n42\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> obj in<\/span> ctrl.responses(timeout=datetime.timedelta(seconds=10)):
\n43\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vp<\/span> = obj.inst.name
\n44\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> vp not in<\/span> data:
\n45\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp] = {}
\n46\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dst<\/span> = str(obj.dst)
\n47\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span>\u00a0dst in<\/span> data[vp]:
\n48\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 continue<\/span>
\n49\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst] = {}
\n50\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst]['rtt'<\/span>] = obj.rtt
\n51
\n52\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> rr in<\/span> obj.ans_txts():
\n53\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> txt in<\/span> rr.txt:
\n54\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> dst == '8.8.8.8'<\/span>:
\n55\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # google reports an IPv4 address that represents<\/span>
\n56 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # the site that answers the query. we then map<\/span>
\n57 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # that address to a location using the mapping<\/span>
\n58 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # returned by the locations TCP query.<\/span>
\n59\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 try<\/span>:
\n60\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 addr<\/span> = ipaddress.ip_address(txt)
\n61\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 except<\/span> ValueError:
\n62\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 continue<\/span>
\n63\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> net, loc in<\/span> goog_nets.items():
\n64\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> addr in<\/span> net:
\n65\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst]['loc'<\/span>] = loc
\n66\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 break<\/span>
\n67\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 elif<\/span> dst == '1.1.1.1'<\/span>:
\n68\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # Cloudflare replies with a single TXT record<\/span>
\n69\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # containing an airport code<\/span>
\n70\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst]['loc'<\/span>] = txt
\n71\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 elif<\/span> dst == '9.9.9.9'<\/span>:
\n72\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # Quad9 reports a hostname with an embedded<\/span>
\n73\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # airport code.<\/span>
\n74\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 match<\/span> = re.search(\"\\\\.(.+?)\\\\.rrdns\\\\.pch\\\\.net\"<\/span>, txt)
\n75\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> match:
\n76\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst]['loc'<\/span>] = match.group(1)
\n77\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 elif<\/span> dst == '208.67.220.220'<\/span>:
\n78\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # opendns reports multiple TXT records; we want the one<\/span>
\n79\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # that looks like \"server r2005.syd\"<\/span>
\n80\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 match<\/span> = re.search(\"^server .+\\\\.(.+?)$\"<\/span>, txt)
\n81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> match:
\n82\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data[vp][dst]['loc'<\/span>] = match.group(1)
\n83
\n84\u00a0\u00a0 # format the output<\/span>
\n85\u00a0\u00a0 print<\/span>(\"{:15} {:>13} {:>13} {:>13} {:>13}\"<\/span>.format(
\n86\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"# vp\"<\/span>, \"google\"<\/span>, \"couldflare\"<\/span>, \"quad9\"<\/span>, \"opendns\"<\/span>))
\n87\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> vp, recs in<\/span> sorted(data.items()):
\n88\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 line<\/span> = f\"{vp:15}\"<\/span>
\n89\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 for<\/span> rec in<\/span> ('8.8.8.8'<\/span>, '1.1.1.1'<\/span>, '9.9.9.9'<\/span>, '208.67.220.220'<\/span>):
\n90\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cell<\/span> = \"\"<\/span>
\n91\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 if<\/span> 'loc'<\/span> in<\/span> recs[rec]:
\n92\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rtt<\/span> = recs[rec]['rtt'<\/span>]
\n93\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loc<\/span> = recs[rec]['loc'<\/span>]
\n94\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cell<\/span> = f\"{loc} {rtt.total_seconds()*1000:5.1f}\"<\/span>
\n95\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 line<\/span> += f\" {cell:>13}\"<\/span>
\n96\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 print<\/span>(line)
\n97
\n98 if<\/span> __name__ == \"__main__\"<\/span>:
\n99 \u00a0\u00a0 _main()<\/code><\/p>\n

The code runs quickly — no longer than 10 seconds (if one of the VPs is slow to report back), illustrating the capabilities of the Ark platform.<\/p>\n

The output of running this program is shown below. \u00a0We have highlighted cells where the RTT was at least 50ms larger than the minimum RTT to any of the large recursive resolvers for the given VP.\u00a0 These cells identify low-hanging fruit for operators, who could examine BGP routing policies with the goal of selecting better alternative paths.<\/p>\n

# vp \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 google \u00a0 couldflare \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 quad9 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0opendns
\nabz-uk.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lhr\u00a0 24.4 \u00a0 \u00a0LHR\u00a0 16.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 lhr\u00a0 16.9 \u00a0 \u00a0lon\u00a0 16.4
\nabz2-uk.ark \u00a0 lhr\u00a0 23.4 \u00a0 \u00a0MAN\u00a0\u00a0 8.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 man\u00a0\u00a0 8.4 \u00a0 man1\u00a0\u00a0 8.5
\nacc-gh.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 246.7 \u00a0 \u00a0JNB 167.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 acc\u00a0\u00a0 0.5 \u00a0 cpt1 236.6<\/span>
\nadl-au.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mel\u00a0 28.1 \u00a0 \u00a0ADL\u00a0\u00a0 5.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 syd\u00a0 22.6 \u00a0 mel1\u00a0 14.0
\naep-ar.ark \u00a0 \u00a0scl\u00a0 29.4 \u00a0 \u00a0EZE\u00a0\u00a0 8.0 \u00a0 qaep2\u00a0\u00a0 4.6 \u00a0 sao1\u00a0 34.0
\naep2-ar.ark \u00a0 scl\u00a0 38.2 \u00a0 \u00a0EZE\u00a0\u00a0 6.6 \u00a0 qaep2\u00a0\u00a0 5.7 \u00a0 sao1\u00a0 42.5
\nakl-nz.ark \u00a0 \u00a0syd\u00a0 26.9 \u00a0 \u00a0AKL\u00a0\u00a0 2.6 \u00a0 \u00a0akl2\u00a0\u00a0 4.0 \u00a0 \u00a0syd\u00a0 26.1
\nakl2-nz.ark \u00a0 syd\u00a0 29.2 \u00a0 \u00a0AKL\u00a0\u00a0 4.9 \u00a0 \u00a0akl2\u00a0\u00a0 4.0 \u00a0 \u00a0syd\u00a0 26.9
\nams-gc.ark \u00a0 \u00a0grq\u00a0\u00a0 5.0 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA\u00a0\u00a0 6.3 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams\u00a0\u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 \u00a0ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.1
\nams3-nl.ark \u00a0 grq\u00a0\u00a0 6.0 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS\u00a0\u00a0 2.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.3 \u00a0 \u00a0ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.9
\nams5-nl.ark \u00a0 grq\u00a0\u00a0 5.1 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS\u00a0\u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.9 \u00a0 \u00a0ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.7
\nams7-nl.ark \u00a0 grq \u00a0 6.0 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS\u00a0\u00a0 2.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams\u00a0\u00a0 1.8 \u00a0 \u00a0ams\u00a0\u00a0 2.3
\nams8-nl.ark \u00a0 grq\u00a0 14.8 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS\u00a0 11.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra\u00a0 17.7 \u00a0 \u00a0ams\u00a0 11.8
\narn-se.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lpp\u00a0\u00a0 9.7 \u00a0 \u00a0ARN\u00a0\u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 arn\u00a0\u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 cph1\u00a0 10.5
\nasu-py.ark \u00a0 \u00a0scl\u00a0 55.4<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0EZE\u00a0 22.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 asu\u00a0\u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 sao1\u00a0 57.0<\/span>
\natl2-us.ark \u00a0 atl\u00a0\u00a0 9.8 \u00a0 \u00a0DFW\u00a0 23.6 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a020.5 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a0 4.6
\natl3-us.ark \u00a0 atl\u00a0 22.7 \u00a0 \u00a0ATL\u00a0 13.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 atl \u00a017.0 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a019.7
\naus-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dfw\u00a0 80.7<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0DFW\u00a0 56.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 dfw \u00a046.6 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a017.6
\navv-au.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mel 142.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MEL\u00a0\u00a0 9.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 syd \u00a022.6 \u00a0 mel1 \u00a0 8.5
\nbcn-es.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mad\u00a0 38.0 \u00a0 \u00a0BCN\u00a0 13.3 \u00a0 \u00a0 bcn \u00a0 0.5 \u00a0 mad1 \u00a0 9.8
\nbdl-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad\u00a0 13.3 \u00a0 \u00a0EWR\u00a0\u00a0 5.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 lga \u00a0 4.9 \u00a0 \u00a0ash \u00a010.6
\nbed-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad\u00a0 30.6 \u00a0 \u00a0BOS\u00a0 15.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 bos \u00a013.5 \u00a0 bos1 \u00a019.8
\nbeg-rs.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mil\u00a0 62.5<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0BEG\u00a0\u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 beg \u00a0 0.7 \u00a0 otp1 \u00a012.9
\nbfi-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dls\u00a0 11.7 \u00a0 \u00a0SEA\u00a0\u00a0 3.8 \u00a0 xsjc1 \u00a096.9<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a010.5
\nbjl-gm.ark \u00a0 \u00a0bru\u00a0 87.5 \u00a0 \u00a0CDG\u00a0 71.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 bjl \u00a0 6.7 \u00a0 cdg1 \u00a073.4<\/span>
\nbna-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0atl\u00a0 11.4 \u00a0 \u00a0BNA\u00a0\u00a0 9.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 atl \u00a0 9.5 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a0 9.3
\nbna2-us.ark \u00a0 cbf\u00a0 25.5 \u00a0 \u00a0ORD\u00a0 19.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 ord \u00a012.8 \u00a0 \u00a0chi \u00a012.8
\nbos6-us.ark \u00a0 iad\u00a0 17.6 \u00a0 \u00a0BOS\u00a0\u00a0 5.6 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a015.5 \u00a0 bos1 \u00a0 5.7
\nbre-de.ark \u00a0 \u00a0grq\u00a0 21.4 \u00a0 \u00a0TXL\u00a0 23.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 ber \u00a017.2 \u00a0 \u00a0ams \u00a023.7
\nbtr-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dfw\u00a0 20.3 \u00a0 \u00a0ORD\u00a0 29.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 dfw \u00a013.2 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a011.4
\nbwi2-us.ark \u00a0 iad\u00a0 12.7 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD\u00a0\u00a0 4.4 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a0 3.6 \u00a0 rst1 \u00a0 3.1
\ncdg-fr.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mil\u00a0 24.9 \u00a0 \u00a0MRS\u00a0\u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 mrs \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 mrs1 \u00a011.6
\ncdg3-fr.ark \u00a0 bru\u00a0\u00a0 8.5 \u00a0 \u00a0CDG\u00a0\u00a0 3.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams \u00a013.7 \u00a0 cdg1 \u00a0 5.5
\ncgs-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad\u00a0\u00a0 4.5 \u00a0 \u00a0EWR\u00a0\u00a0 7.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a0 2.2 \u00a0 \u00a0ash \u00a0 2.1
\ncjj-kr.ark \u00a0 \u00a0hkg\u00a0 63.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0qhnd2 \u00a070.7 \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a047.3
\ncld4-us.ark \u00a0 lax\u00a0 22.7 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a015.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 bur 104.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a014.3
\ncld5-us.ark \u00a0 lax\u00a0 52.6 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a020.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 bur 103.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a021.9
\ncld6-us.ark \u00a0 lax\u00a0 14.5 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 5.2 \u00a0 qlax1 \u00a0 7.0 \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 6.0
\ncos-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0cbf\u00a0 22.9 \u00a0 \u00a0DEN \u00a0 7.3 \u00a0 \u00a0 ord \u00a036.0 \u00a0 den1 \u00a012.6
\ndar-tz.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 224.6<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0NBO \u00a014.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 dar \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a051.1
\ndar2-tz.ark \u00a0 jnb 223.0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0DAR \u00a0 0.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 dar \u00a0 0.9 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a048.0
\ndmk-th.ark \u00a0 \u00a0sin\u00a0 32.2 \u00a0 \u00a0SIN \u00a028.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bkk \u00a0 2.4 \u00a0 nrt2 \u00a095.0<\/span>
\ndtw2-us.ark \u00a0 cbf\u00a0 18.1 \u00a0 \u00a0DTW \u00a0 4.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 dtw \u00a0 4.2 \u00a0 \u00a0chi \u00a010.7
\ndub-ie.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lhr\u00a0 18.9 \u00a0 \u00a0DUB \u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 dub \u00a0 0.7 \u00a0 dub1 \u00a0 0.7
\ndub2-ie.ark \u00a0 lhr\u00a0 18.7 \u00a0 \u00a0DUB \u00a0 1.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 dub \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 dub1 \u00a0 1.2
\ndub3-ie.ark \u00a0 lhr\u00a0 35.5 \u00a0 \u00a0ZRH \u00a045.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 dub \u00a016.9 \u00a0 dub1 \u00a011.6
\nens-nl.ark \u00a0 \u00a0grq\u00a0\u00a0 9.3 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS \u00a0 5.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams \u00a0 4.0 \u00a0 \u00a0ams \u00a0 4.9
\neug-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dls\u00a0 15.7 \u00a0 \u00a0SJC \u00a018.3 \u00a0 \u00a0 sea \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a0 6.5
\nfra-gc.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra\u00a0\u00a0 9.1 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a0 1.1
\ngig-br.ark \u00a0 \u00a0gru 125.2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0GIG \u00a0 2.2 \u00a0 qrio1 \u00a0 1.4 \u00a0 rio1 \u00a0 1.1
\ngva-ch.ark \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ZRH\u00a0\u00a0 5.3 \u00a0 \u00a0 gva \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a010.8
\ngye-ec.ark \u00a0 \u00a0chs 128.7<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MIA \u00a066.8 \u00a0 quio2 \u00a010.7 \u00a0 \u00a0mia \u00a077.1<\/span>
\nham-de.ark \u00a0 \u00a0grq \u00a019.7 \u00a0 \u00a0HAM \u00a0 8.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 ber \u00a011.0 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a017.7
\nher2-gr.ark \u00a0 mil \u00a064.9<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ath \u00a0 7.5 \u00a0 mil1 \u00a032.6
\nhkg4-cn.ark \u00a0 tpe \u00a013.6 \u00a0 \u00a0HKG \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 qhkg3 \u00a0 4.9 \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a0 9.5
\nhkg5-cn.ark \u00a0 hkg \u00a016.3 \u00a0 \u00a0HKG \u00a0 2.6 \u00a0 qhkg3 \u00a0 3.9 \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a0 3.6
\nhlz2-nz.ark \u00a0 syd \u00a040.9 \u00a0 \u00a0AKL \u00a016.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 akl \u00a013.8 \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a038.2
\nhnd-jp.ark \u00a0 \u00a0nrt \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 \u00a0NRT \u00a0 3.4 \u00a0 qhnd2 \u00a080.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0nrt \u00a0 3.6
\nhnl-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dls \u00a082.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0HNL \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 sea \u00a075.2 \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a075.3<\/span>
\niev-ua.ark \u00a0 \u00a0waw \u00a045.5 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a029.8 \u00a0 qwaw2 \u00a014.3 \u00a0 wrw1 \u00a014.9
\nigx2-us.ark \u00a0 iad \u00a016.1 \u00a0 \u00a0EWR \u00a016.9 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a011.5 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a011.8
\nind-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0atl \u00a025.1 \u00a0 \u00a0IND \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 ord \u00a0 8.5 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a011.0
\nixc-in.ark \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a078.8<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0DEL \u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 qsin1 \u00a0 0.7 \u00a0 mum2 \u00a0 0.7
\njfk-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a0 9.6 \u00a0 \u00a0EWR \u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 lga \u00a0 0.6 \u00a0 \u00a0nyc \u00a0 1.0
\nkgl-rw.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 231.6<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0NBO \u00a015.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kgl \u00a0 3.3 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a073.6<\/span>
\nktm-np.ark \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a098.6<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0DEL \u00a030.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 ktm \u00a0 7.6 \u00a0 mum1 \u00a094.4<\/span>
\nlas-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a015.5 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 8.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 pao \u00a015.9 \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 8.2
\nlax3-us.ark \u00a0 lax \u00a010.5 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 3.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bur \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 2.0
\nlcy2-uk.ark \u00a0 lhr \u00a011.5 \u00a0 \u00a0MAN \u00a0 7.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 lhr \u00a011.2 \u00a0 \u00a0lon \u00a0 2.2
\nlej-de.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a021.2 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a0 9.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a012.5 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a0 9.6
\nlex-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a017.9 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD \u00a015.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a017.3 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a025.9
\nlgw-uk.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lhr \u00a031.3 \u00a0 \u00a0LHR \u00a024.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 lhr \u00a024.6 \u00a0 \u00a0lon \u00a023.6
\nlhe2-pk.ark \u00a0 dia 195.0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0KHI \u00a035.0 \u00a0 qsin4 113.1 \u00a0 \u00a0sin 130.6<\/span>
\nlis-pt.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mad \u00a033.0 \u00a0 \u00a0LIS \u00a0 4.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 lis \u00a0 3.9 \u00a0 mad1 \u00a018.0
\nlke2-us.ark \u00a0 dls \u00a021.7 \u00a0 \u00a0SEA \u00a021.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 sea \u00a015.1 \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a011.7
\nlun-zm.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 189.9<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0JNB \u00a032.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 jnb \u00a023.3 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a023.3
\nlwc-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0tul \u00a018.0 \u00a0 \u00a0MCI \u00a0 1.4 \u00a0 xsjc1 106.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a010.4
\nlwc2-us.ark \u00a0 dfw \u00a024.4 \u00a0 \u00a0DFW \u00a015.7 \u00a0 qlax1 \u00a046.9 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a016.5
\nmdw-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0cbf \u00a025.7 \u00a0 \u00a0ORD \u00a0 7.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ord \u00a0 3.4 \u00a0 \u00a0chi \u00a0 4.4
\nmed2-co.ark \u00a0 mrn \u00a096.4<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MIA \u00a050.7 \u00a0 qbog1 \u00a022.7 \u00a0 \u00a0mia \u00a048.9
\nmhg-de.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a030.7 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a019.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a021.4 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a018.4
\nmia-gc.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mrn \u00a019.7 \u00a0 \u00a0MIA \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 mia \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0mia \u00a0 0.6
\nmnl-ph.ark \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a087.9<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MNL \u00a0 1.8 \u00a0 qsin1 \u00a050.8 \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a075.8<\/span>
\nmnz-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a013.4 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD \u00a0 5.8 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a0 5.2 \u00a0 rst1 \u00a0 4.0
\nmru-mu.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 206.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0JNB \u00a043.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 mru \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a043.3
\nmsy-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a034.4 \u00a0 \u00a0DFW \u00a021.9 \u00a0 qlax1 \u00a055.2 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a023.0
\nmty-mx.ark \u00a0 \u00a0tul \u00a044.1 \u00a0 \u00a0MFE \u00a0 4.5 \u00a0 qiad3 \u00a039.6 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a016.7
\nmuc-de.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a030.3 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a0 9.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a0 8.8 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a0 8.9
\nmuc3-de.ark \u00a0 zrh \u00a025.9 \u00a0 \u00a0MUC \u00a0 6.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a011.0 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a012.2
\nnap2-it.ark \u00a0 mil \u00a037.8 \u00a0 \u00a0MXP \u00a019.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a038.0 \u00a0 mil1 \u00a015.2
\nnbo-ke.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 220.5<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0NBO \u00a0 2.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 nbo \u00a0 2.2 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb \u00a060.7<\/span>
\nnic-cy.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mil \u00a061.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0LCA \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 mrs \u00a035.2 \u00a0 mrs1 \u00a035.4
\nnrn-nl.ark \u00a0 \u00a0grq \u00a0 8.6 \u00a0 \u00a0AMS \u00a0 5.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 ams \u00a0 2.9 \u00a0 \u00a0ams \u00a0 3.1
\nnrt-jp.ark \u00a0 \u00a0nrt \u00a0 4.8 \u00a0 \u00a0NRT \u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 hkg 101.9<\/span> \u00a0 nrt2 \u00a0 1.0
\nnrt3-jp.ark \u00a0 nrt \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 \u00a0NRT \u00a0 3.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 pao 101.7<\/span> \u00a0 nrt2 \u00a0 3.5
\noak5-us.ark \u00a0 lax \u00a019.3 \u00a0 \u00a0SJC \u00a0 5.9 \u00a0 \u00a0sjc0 \u00a0 4.4 \u00a0 \u00a0pao \u00a0 4.4
\nokc-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a0 9.6 \u00a0 \u00a0MCI \u00a0 9.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 dal \u00a0 8.2 \u00a0 \u00a0dfw \u00a0 7.3
\nord-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0cbf \u00a013.0 \u00a0 \u00a0ORD \u00a0 2.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a019.0 \u00a0 \u00a0chi \u00a0 1.6
\nory4-fr.ark \u00a0 bru \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 \u00a0CDG \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 cdg \u00a0 1.4 \u00a0 cdg1 \u00a0 1.7
\nory6-fr.ark \u00a0 bru \u00a0 6.4 \u00a0 \u00a0LHR \u00a0 8.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 lhr \u00a0 8.4 \u00a0 \u00a0lon \u00a0 8.6
\nory7-fr.ark \u00a0 bru \u00a0 7.7 \u00a0 \u00a0CDG \u00a0 4.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 cdg \u00a0 5.0 \u00a0 cdg1 \u00a0 4.0
\nory8-fr.ark \u00a0 bru \u00a0 6.3 \u00a0 \u00a0CDG \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 lhr \u00a025.7 \u00a0 \u00a0lon \u00a0 9.4
\nosl-no.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lpp \u00a046.5 \u00a0 \u00a0OSL \u00a0 0.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 osl \u00a025.8 \u00a0 sto1 \u00a0 9.0
\npbh2-bt.ark \u00a0 bom 105.2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MAA \u00a092.0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 pbh \u00a0 1.8 \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a091.7<\/span>
\nper-au.ark \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a048.9 \u00a0 \u00a0PER \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 per \u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a045.3
\nper2-au.ark \u00a0 syd 140.0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0PER \u00a0 2.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 per \u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a044.9
\nphl-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a015.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a014.0 \u00a0 rst1 \u00a015.9
\npna-es.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mad \u00a033.9 \u00a0 \u00a0BCN \u00a013.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 bcn \u00a013.3 \u00a0 mad1 \u00a019.3
\nprg-cz.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a016.9 \u00a0 \u00a0PRG \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 qbts1 \u00a0 5.9 \u00a0 prg1 \u00a0 0.6
\nprg2-cz.ark \u00a0 fra \u00a029.8 \u00a0 \u00a0PRG \u00a0 1.7 \u00a0 qfra3 \u00a014.0 \u00a0 prg1 \u00a0 1.5
\npry-za.ark \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 167.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0JNB \u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 jnb \u00a0 0.6 \u00a0 cpt1 \u00a018.4
\npuw-ru.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lpp \u00a018.2 \u00a0 \u00a0DME \u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 beg \u00a067.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a034.3
\npvu-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a025.2 \u00a0 \u00a0SLC \u00a0 3.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 slc \u00a0 2.7 \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a018.4
\nrdu-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0iad \u00a0 9.5 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD \u00a0 8.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a0 7.7 \u00a0 \u00a0ash \u00a0 8.6
\nrdu2-us.ark \u00a0 iad \u00a011.3 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD \u00a0 8.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a0 8.5 \u00a0 \u00a0ash \u00a0 8.6
\nrdu3-us.ark \u00a0 iad \u00a027.5 \u00a0 \u00a0IAD \u00a018.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a018.4 \u00a0 atl1 \u00a023.8
\nrkv-is.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lhr \u00a049.0 \u00a0 \u00a0KEF \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kef \u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 dub1 \u00a023.0
\nsan-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a010.4 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 4.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 bur \u00a087.2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 3.1
\nsan2-us.ark \u00a0 lax \u00a039.0 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 qlax1 \u00a0 7.5 \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 5.6
\nsan4-us.ark \u00a0 lax \u00a026.6 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a020.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 bur 106.8<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a017.3
\nsao-br.ark \u00a0 \u00a0gru 117.3<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0GRU \u00a0 2.5 \u00a0 qgru1 \u00a0 1.3 \u00a0 rio1 \u00a0 9.6
\nscq-es.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mad \u00a031.7 \u00a0 \u00a0MAD \u00a011.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 mad \u00a010.8 \u00a0 mad1 \u00a011.3
\nsea3-us.ark \u00a0 dls \u00a010.1 \u00a0 \u00a0SEA \u00a0 3.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 pao \u00a024.6 \u00a0 \u00a0sea \u00a0 3.0
\nsin-gc.ark \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a0 4.0 \u00a0 \u00a0SIN \u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 qsin1 \u00a093.5<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a0 1.1
\nsin-sg.ark \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a0 3.2 \u00a0 \u00a0SIN \u00a0 2.3 \u00a0 qsin1 \u00a012.2 \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a0 0.7
\nsjc2-us.ark \u00a0 lax \u00a015.2 \u00a0 \u00a0SJC \u00a0 1.4 \u00a0 \u00a0sjc0 \u00a0 0.5 \u00a0 \u00a0pao \u00a0 2.1
\nsjj-ba.ark \u00a0 \u00a0waw \u00a071.1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0BUD \u00a057.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 vie 213.3<\/span> \u00a0 mil1 \u00a089.4
\nsjo-cr.ark \u00a0 \u00a0chs \u00a063.0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0SJO \u00a0 2.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 mia \u00a051.8 \u00a0 \u00a0mia \u00a078.6<\/span>
\nsnn-ie.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lhr \u00a020.4 \u00a0 \u00a0DUB \u00a0 4.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 dub \u00a0 3.9 \u00a0 dub1 \u00a0 3.9
\nsql-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a019.6 \u00a0 \u00a0SJC \u00a0 2.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 pao \u00a0 1.2 \u00a0 \u00a0pao \u00a0 0.9
\nstx-vi.ark \u00a0 \u00a0chs \u00a038.3 \u00a0 \u00a0MIA \u00a026.4 \u00a0 \u00a0 mia \u00a025.5 \u00a0 \u00a0mia \u00a025.1
\nsvo2-ru.ark \u00a0 lpp \u00a022.4 \u00a0 \u00a0DME \u00a0 5.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 fra \u00a041.1 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a038.2
\nswu-kr.ark \u00a0 \u00a0hkg \u00a077.6<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0ICN \u00a0 6.5 \u00a0 qsin1 \u00a076.9<\/span> \u00a0 nrt2 \u00a038.5
\nsyd3-au.ark \u00a0 syd \u00a0 4.8 \u00a0 \u00a0SYD \u00a0 0.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 syd \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a0 0.5
\ntij-mx.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a015.8 \u00a0 \u00a0LAX \u00a0 6.6 \u00a0 qlax1 \u00a0 6.6 \u00a0 \u00a0lax \u00a0 5.6
\ntlv-il.ark \u00a0 \u00a0mil \u00a080.2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0MRS \u00a043.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 tlv \u00a0 2.0 \u00a0 mil1 \u00a050.5
\ntlv3-il.ark \u00a0 mil \u00a064.2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0TLV \u00a0 2.1 \u00a0 \u00a0 tlv \u00a0 2.1 \u00a0 tlv1 \u00a0 3.0
\ntnr-mg.ark \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 JNB 215.7<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0jnb 199.1<\/span>
\ntpe-tw.ark \u00a0 \u00a0tpe \u00a010.3 \u00a0 \u00a0TPE \u00a0 5.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 tpe \u00a0 3.1 \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a074.4<\/span>
\nvdp-dk.ark \u00a0 \u00a0lpp \u00a021.9 \u00a0 \u00a0CPH \u00a0 5.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 arn \u00a013.4 \u00a0 cph1 \u00a0 5.4
\nvie-at.ark \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a022.5 \u00a0 \u00a0FRA \u00a013.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 vie \u00a0 2.1 \u00a0 prg1 \u00a0 6.5
\nwaw-pl.ark \u00a0 \u00a0waw \u00a020.1 \u00a0 \u00a0HAM \u00a031.3 \u00a0 qwaw2 \u00a0 1.3 \u00a0 wrw1 \u00a0 0.9
\nwbu-us.ark \u00a0 \u00a0cbf \u00a013.4 \u00a0 \u00a0DEN \u00a0 2.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 den \u00a0 1.8 \u00a0 den1 \u00a0 1.5
\nwlg2-nz.ark \u00a0 syd \u00a035.3 \u00a0 \u00a0AKL \u00a017.0 \u00a0 \u00a0akl2 \u00a016.5 \u00a0 \u00a0syd \u00a032.4
\nygk-ca.ark \u00a0 \u00a0yyz \u00a029.5 \u00a0 \u00a0YYZ \u00a016.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 iad \u00a035.5 \u00a0 \u00a0yyz \u00a016.1
\nyyc-ca.ark \u00a0 \u00a0dls \u00a026.5 \u00a0 \u00a0YYC \u00a0 4.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 sea \u00a021.8 \u00a0 \u00a0yvr \u00a016.7
\nzrh-ch.ark \u00a0 \u00a0zrh \u00a014.5 \u00a0 \u00a0ZRH \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0zrh2 \u00a0 0.6 \u00a0 mil1 \u00a0 8.1
\nzrh2-ch.ark \u00a0 zrh \u00a016.2 \u00a0 \u00a0ZRH \u00a0 1.1 \u00a0 \u00a0zrh2 \u00a0 1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0fra \u00a0 6.8
\nzrh4-ch.ark \u00a0 zrh \u00a015.8 \u00a0 \u00a0ZRH \u00a0 1.5 \u00a0 \u00a0zrh2 \u00a0 0.8 \u00a0 mil1 \u00a0 9.0<\/code><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is the third in a series of essays (two earlier blog posts [1, 2]) about CAIDA’s new effort to reduce the barrier to performing a variety of Internet measurements. We were recently asked about running Trufflehunter, which infers the usage properties of rare domain names on the Internet by cache snooping public recursive resolvers, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[33],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5342"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5342"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5377,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5342\/revisions\/5377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5342"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.caida.org\/best_available_data\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}